Is There Such a Thing As a Pilot Personality?

Why Are Pilots Like That?

Have you ever talked to a cop who is off duty? There’s something there…it still seeps through. You can’t quite put your finger on it, but he seems cop-like. As I am sitting in an FBO drinking their free coffee (and wondering how often they clean the coffee pot), I watch pilots and passengers drifting in and out of the waiting area and most of the time I can tell who is a pilot and who is a passenger. What are the signals that pilots radiate that non-pilots don’t? Perhaps it is the self-assurance, focused manner and gait exhibited by the pilots whereas the passengers seem anxious and bewildered.

The Air Line Pilots Association has conducted studies on the pilot personality. They concluded that pilots tend to exhibit 24 traits. Traits are the ways that we typically respond to given situations. Obviously, every pilot won’t have each and every trait but they tend to have at least half of them. How many of these pilot personality traits do you THINK you have? Read on and at the end of this article, you can assess how you stacked up to my sampling group of experienced pilots that I asked to perform this same exercise.

The 24 Pilot Personality Traits

1. Physically and mentally healthy
2. Reality based
3. Self-sufficient
4. Difficulty trusting anyone to do a job as well as themselves
5. Suspicious
6. Intelligent but not intellectual
7. They like “toys”
8. Good at taking things apart and putting them back together
9. Concrete, practical, linear thinkers rather than abstract, philosophical, or theoretical.
10. More analytical than emotional.
11. Reality-oriented
12. Goal-oriented
13. Short term goal orientation and not long-term goal driven.
14. Bimodal (black/white, on/off, good/bad, safe/unsafe)
15. Tend to modify environment instead of their behavior
16. Hunger for excitement
17. Competitive
18. Do not handle failure well
19. Low tolerance for personal imperfection
20. Long memories of perceived injustices.
21. Draw conclusions about people at a glance rather than relying on long and emotion-laden conversation.
22. Avoid introspection
23. Have difficulty revealing, expressing, or even recognizing feelings.
24. When experiencing unwanted feelings, a tendency to mask them with humor or anger.

My wife and I have been married long enough that we can finish each other’s sentences. I gave her the ALPA list of pilot personality traits and asked her to mark those that described me. I’ve been a pilot a long time and though some may disagree, I define myself professionally as one. To keep things honest, I told her I did not want to see her choices. I was expecting her to select most of them. Good grief! She chose 11, falling short of even half of them! “So THIS has been my problem all these years!” I thought. Maybe I am just “half a pilot” after all (like probably some of my instructors have believed).

So I did the little exercise myself, trying to be honest and objective. I ended up with 12. After expressing my surprise at both of our assessments, she shared her answers and, gadzooks, they were identical to mine except for the one; she thinks I am idealistic and I think I am reality oriented. But the thought that I only possessed half of the traits on the ALPA list was a little discomforting, especially when I believe myself to be a pretty fair pilot and, even sporadically, a pilot of Grand Poobah proportions.

So I am wondering if these behaviors are indigenous to the cockpit or do they ooze into a pilot’s own personality?

The Age Old Chicken and Egg Question

Do we become pilots because our DNA defines us with these pilot personality characteristics or do we become pilots and our personalities change? Let’s look closer at these traits on ALPA’s list.

Difficulty revealing, expressing, or recognizing feelings and/or masking them with humor or anger.

Being unemotional helps pilots deal with crises, but can make them insensitive toward the feelings of others. This emotional “block” can create difficulty communicating. Incidents, accidents and cases that are brought to an airline’s Professional Standards committee have the lack of communication as a primary causal factor.

Reality-based

Although some may dispute this, the very nature of a pilot’s work is to constantly be testing and analyzing reality, so clearly this is a trait you want to keep if you have it. If you don’t have this trait, it is probably because it’s one that is difficult to come by while Elvis Presley is alive and now flying incognito as a pilot for TWA.

Physically and mentally healthy

Aside from the obvious necessity of these traits due to the rigors of the job, pilots are possessive of maintaining their medical certificates so as not to jeopardize their livelihood. Some pilots have coined an expression from the name of a 1950s TV show (“You Bet Your Life”) and refer to their medicals as playing “You Bet Your Job” every six or twelve months.

Self-sufficiency, difficulty trusting anyone else to do the job, suspicious

Pilots tend to be self-sufficient and sometimes have difficulty functioning in the “team” environment. Recognizing this, the FAA and other aviation agencies throughout the world are emphasizing CRM training in pilot training. Pilots also tend to have difficulty trusting anyone to do the job as well as they can and exhibit heightened levels of suspicion; sometimes even being a little bit paranoid. In moderation, functional suspicion like this is a quality that flight managers look for in a pilot personality. They want pilots who are “on alert” for something unexpected and are always thinking, “if this happens, I’ll do that…if that happens, I’ll do a third option…” The “down” side of this tendency is that it can creep into one’s personal life, rendering relationships at risk.

Intelligent but not intellectual

The Webster dictionary definition of both intelligent and intellectual is similar, however, intellect connotes more high-level intelligence. Pilots can tell you the difference between Coke and 7-Up but intellectuals might be able to expand on their molecular structure. According to aviation psychology consultant Dr. Robert Rose, “Pilots generally have good social skills and good reasoning. Like many professional people, pilots have to deal with complex information, make decisions and deal with people. Thus, they tend to be bright and capable of good social interaction when called for. In these traits, you, as a pilot, are similar to managers, consultants and many other white-collar occupational groups…”

We like toys and are good at taking things apart and putting them back together

Pilots tend to share an innate inquisitiveness about things and tend to think in building-block fashion. This usually makes a pilot a “natural” for taking things apart, verifying how he thought it worked all along and then putting it back together.

Concrete, practical, linear thinkers rather than abstract, philosophical, or theoretical. More analytical than emotional; Goal-oriented and driven by short rather than long-term goals.

Of course; we have to be. Pilots are conditioned to deal succinctly, getting to the point of the task at hand. When we communicate with the tower, a tremendous amount of information is conveyed between us and the controller in a very brief period of time. As Dragnet star Jack Webb used to say, “…just the facts, ma’am, just the facts.” Pilots become bored easily and want information conveyed to them concisely and efficiently.

According to ALPA, “ Pilots are concrete, practical, linear thinkers rather than abstract, philosophical, or theoretical. On a scale that ranges from analytically oriented to emotionally oriented, pilots tend to be toward the analytical end. They are extremely reality- and goal-oriented. They like lists showing concrete problems, not talking about them.”

A friend of mine was hired by a major airline in the mid-1980s. The airlines were hiring in droves and he soon found himself in a Boeing 727 flight engineer class, making $21,000 per year. Three weeks later, he received a phone call from a corporate flight department to which he had applied. They offered him an immediate type rating on a Gulfstream and $75,000 per year. He quit the airlines job, went to work for the corporation and 3 years later, they sold the airplane and he was out of work. Had he stayed with the airline, he would have accrued well over a million dollars in retirement. But the lure of fast cash and a shiny new type rating on a cool plane seemed right at the time. His goal was money and prestige and he had that for three years, even though he knew the airline opportunity would probably be more solid.

Bimodal (black/white, on/off, good/bad, safe/unsafe)

Pilots are also conditioned to avoid “gray” areas because we know there are legal and/or dangerous consequences when things are left nebulous interpretation. Woe betides a pilot who cannot legally justify that his decisions fell within all safe practices and procedures. We tend to set boundaries prior to having to make decisions so that the decision is pretty much made for us. On a multi-engine airplane, if you lose an engine prior to the V1 speed, you abort. Period. No decision needs to be considered. This trait is often carried into pilot’s personal lives and that can be a problem because personal relationships very often are driven by emotion, conciliation and “gray” areas.

Modifying environment instead of behavior and avoiding introspection

Paul just can’t seem to get to work on time. He’s supposed to be there by 8 AM. There are many ways he can modify his behavior to fix this but, instead, he decides to quit his job and find one on a later shift. He starts working for another company and has no problem getting to work on time. But he and his supervisor are at odds constantly. Paul quits; finds another job. See the pattern developing? Maybe Paul needs to invoke some introspection. Maybe Paul should take a good, long, hard look at himself and make a conscious effort to change. No one is perfect. We all can improve but we have to have the will to identify our weaknesses and make an effort to improve. This starts with introspection. The first step for anyone turning to Alcoholics Anonymous to solve a drinking problem is admitting, “I am an alcoholic.” It’s the first step in solving any behavioral issues.

Competitive and not handling failures well

Some people turn the silliest things into competitions; two people rushing for the one open check-out stand at the grocery store, not to mention one of a myriad of traffic transgressions. But professionally being competitive can be a plus as well as a negative. Without competition, the quality of products and services tends to deteriorate, so in this context competition is good. From a human standpoint, I believe it is best stated in an excerpt from 1927 prose penned by author Max Ehrmann, “Desiderata” – “If you compare yourself with others, you may become vain or bitter, for always there will be greater and lesser persons than yourself.”

Theodore Roosevelt said, “Comparison is the thief of joy.” Yes, truly, there will always be people who have attained more than you and others who have achieved less. So probably the most success can be found by simply competing against yourself. As for failure, it is part of life. An unknown author wrote, “Failures are a part of life. If you don’t fail, you will never learn. If you never learn, you will never change.” So why beat yourself up after a failure? Use whatever cliche is available, “walk it off,” “pick yourself up by your bootstraps,” “get back on that horse,” BUT DO IT. Don’t dwell on it or you will stagnate.

Low tolerance for personal imperfection, long memories of perceived injustices and drawing conclusions about people at a glance

It’s probably hard to correct misbehaviors that “mama ‘n’ daddy should-a done.” Some of these traits go way back and are hard to redact in one’s personality. Low tolerance for physical imperfection is absorbed into your professional life as a pilot and relationships outside of the cockpit. If you lean hard when you perceive frailty or something imperfect in your own self, you may be setting yourself up for health problems down the road. Ease up a bit on yourself and others. It’s not worth the deleterious effects to health and personal as well as professional relationships.

Injustices can be a lot of things and it is hard for the human mind to forget, much less blow-off perceived injustices. Sometimes plain old communication can bring understanding to both parties involved. Talk it out and if it can be resolved, fine. If not, maintain a cordial and professional demeanor but be wary of showing too much of yourself to people you do not feel you can trust.

Have difficulty revealing, expressing, or even recognizing feelings and when experiencing unwanted feelings a tendency to mask them with humor or anger

There must be thousands of psychology books written to help people reverse these traits. But pilots are trained to remain cool in emergencies, so maybe being unable to show oneself can be expected. There have recently been a number of instances of pilot nut cases making the news. The reactionary legislative machinery is now quite vocal about psychological testing and assessments of pilots. It’s probably not a bad idea to keep your emotions and feelings to yourself or else you might invite an unwanted letter from the FAA.

How Many Pilot Personality Traits Do You Have?

So how did you score? At the beginning of this article, you were asked to count up as honestly as possible all the pilot personality traits you feel that you possess. Now do it again. Perhaps our little discussion of the traits has influenced your objectivity. If not and you ended up with the same number, good for you!

You may have all of them. At least because you’re a pilot, you see yourself possessing everything pilot-like. I did too. Then, as I mentioned, I gave the list to my wife. (Not even half?  Really?)

It’s not scientific at all but I took this little exercise to several of the best and most accomplished pilots I have known in my career. I asked them to mark the pilot personality traits they thought they possessed. All claimed between 12 to 15 of the traits. One commented, “Several of the ALPA traits are just about the worst things a pilot should possess!” But I like the astute comment from a long-time friend, Ed O’Neill, a B757/767 captain who has spent his career managing flight operations and evaluating thousands of pilots. Captain O’Neill wrote, “A bell curve of the traits would be different for Navy fighter pilots vs freighter pilots vs corporate pilots vs general aviation pilots, etc. Also, age, experience, maturity plays a role. Some of the traits I may have had when just starting in aviation I no longer have.”

In so many ways, we’re all different but yet we’re all the same. It’s important to recognize those pilot personality traits in us that enhance the job we do as pilots and equally important to recognize and eliminate those traits that don’t.

Vern Weiss

References:

“Practical Use of the Pilot’s Personality Profile,” Robert G. Rose, PhD, AvWeb February 18, 2001

“The Pilot Personality”, Air Line Pilot Magazine, Air Line Pilots Association, 2007.

“Pilots Who Shouldn’t Be,” Kathleen Bangs, Business & Commercial Aviation Magazine, 2004.

“Naked Pilot: The Human Factor in Aircraft Accidents,” by David Beaty, Airlife Publishing Ltd., 1995.